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HPV and Pregnancy
Women who have HPV during pregnancy may worry that the HPV virus can harm their unborn child. But in most cases, the human papillomavirus does not affect the developing baby. Nor does HPV infection usually change the way a woman is cared for during pregnancy. It is important, however, that the obstetrician know if a woman has HPV.
Heres what women need to know about HPV and pregnancy.
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Trying to Get Pregnant, No History of HPV
Women trying to become pregnant often ask if they need a specific test for HPV, just to be sure they are not infected with the virus. They dont.
If a woman has been having regular Pap tests, any abnormalities on those would have alerted her doctor to check further for HPV. Once a woman is pregnant, a Pap test will be taken at the first prenatal visit. If it shows abnormalities, the doctor will order more tests.
Additional tests could include an HPV test. Cells are collected from the cervix and analyzed in the laboratory to detect the high-risk types of HPV associated with cancer. Or the doctor may decide to do a colposcopy, in which a lighted device is used to closely examine the cervix for abnormal tissue changes.
Trying to Get Pregnant, History of HPV
A woman with a history of HPV should be sure her doctor knows. She should tell her doctor whether she has a history of genital warts, tissue changes in the cervix (such as an abnormal Pap test), or other problems. Her doctor will want to monitor her closely because more rapid cell changes can occur during pregnancy.
Pregnant, With HPV
No link has been found between HPV and miscarriage, premature delivery, or other pregnancy complications.
Also, the risk of transmitting the virus to the baby is considered very low.
If a pregnant woman tests positive for the high-risk types of HPV associated with cervical cancer, the doctor will monitor her during the pregnancy to watch for cervical tissue changes.
In some pregnant women with HPV, the tissue changes may increase during pregnancy. If possible, doctors postpone treatment because it may lead to premature labor.
If a pregnant woman has genital warts, the doctor will monitor to see if the warts get larger. Hormone changes during pregnancy can cause the warts to multiply or get larger. Sometimes the warts will bleed.
Depending on the extent of the warts, the doctor may postpone treatment until after childbirth. But if the warts get so big that they might cause an obstruction in the vagina, they may need to be removed before childbirth.
Genital warts can be removed surgically, with chemical treatment, or with painless electric current.
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